Compare Baker Island (2001) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

Compare Baker Island (2001) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

	Baker Island (2001)	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

Airports	1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m, completely covered with vegetation and unusable (2000 est.)	-
Area	total: 1.4 sq km land: 1.4 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative	about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island - as well as on nearby Howland Island - but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Climate	equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun	tropical
Coastline	4.8 km	74.1 km
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Baker Island	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Dependency status	unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	none	nationalist group in Indonesia reportedly seeks to populate reefs to assert claims; Australia has moved to close reefs to Indonesian traditional fishing and to create a national park while prospecting for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Economy - overview	no economic activity	no economic activity
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 8 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues	no natural fresh water resources	NA
Flag description	the flag of the US is used	the flag of Australia is used
Geographic coordinates	0 13 N, 176 31 W	12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note	treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1993)	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100%	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)
Legal system	the laws of the US, where applicable, apply	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Location	Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia, south of the Indonesian half of Timor island
Map references	Oceania	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	contiguous zone: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Natural hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife	fish
People - note	-	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Population	uninhabited note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2001 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast	none; offshore anchorage only
Terrain	low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef	low with sand and coral
Waterways	none	none

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